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Cambodia
Country & Travel Info

Where is Cambodia?
Cambodia is a land of superlatives: Such as the world's grandest and most magnificent World Heritage Sites of Angkor Wat, Bayon and on the other side the shocking contrast of the Killing Fields, Toul Sleng Genocide Museum and other remnants of Cambodia's more recent history. After almost 25 years of isolation, the country opened to tourists in the early 1990s.

Situated on the Indochinese peninsula, Cambodia is bordered by Thailand and Laos on the north and Vietnam on the east and south. The Gulf of Thailand is off the western coast.

The size of Missouri, the country consists chiefly of a large alluvial plain ringed by mountains, and on the east is the Mekong River. The plain is centered around Lake Tonle Sap, which is a natural storage basin of the Mekong.

Swiss Miss in Phnom Penh

People:
The population of Cambodia is estimated at 13,363,421 (with a growth rate of 1.8%).

Cambodia comprises a variety of peoples who are commonly called "Khmer" and they constitute 90 - 95 percent of the population. The Vietnamese comprising abt 5% , the Chinese 1% and others 4% of the population.

Religion:

Theravada Buddhist 95%, others 5%.


Mother of Swiss Miss at Angkor Wat; January 2005 

Languages:
Khmer (official), French, English.

History:
The area that is present-day Cambodia came under Khmer rule about 600, when the region was at the center of a vast empire that stretched over most of Southeast Asia. Under the Khmers, who were Hindus, a magnificent temple complex was constructed at Angkor. Buddhism was introduced in the 12th century.

After Jayavaram's reign Kambuja’s power steadily diminished. In1863 France colonized the region, joining Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam into a single protectorate known as French Indochina.

After World War II, Cambodians wanted independence, but France wanted to keep its colony. In 1949 Cambodia was granted independence within the French Union.

In 1953 Prince Sihanouk introduced civil service for all Khmer students and by 1954 Cambodia declared independence.

He abdicated in 1955 in favor of his parents, remaining head of the government, and when his father died in 1960, became chief of state without returning to the throne.

In 1963, he sought a guarantee of Cambodia's neutrality from all parties to the Vietnam War. In 1969, the U.S. began anti communist bombing raids in Cambodia and Laos, alongside the war with Vietnam.

The number of Cambodian Communists (known as the Khmer Rouge) increased from about 3,000 in March 1970 to over 30,000 within a few years. Most of the North Vietnamese and Viet Cong troops were able to withdraw, leaving in progress a raging civil war fought by Cambodians but financed by the United States, North Vietnam, and Communist China.

On Oct. 9, 1970, the national assembly declared Cambodia a republic and changed the country's name to the Khmer Republic.

Despite extensive U.S. military aid, the Khmer Rouge retained firm control of the northeast provinces and most of the countryside. Eventually, more and more territory fell into Communist hands, despite intensive U.S. bombing attacks which persisted until the halt imposed by the U.S. Congress in August 1973.

January 2005: Several hundred monks visit Angkor Wat - the first time in 35 years...


In 1975, the Khmer Rouge, led by Pol Pot, seized control of Phnom Penh and overthrew the U.S.-backed government of Lon Nol. The Khmer Rouge renamed the country the Democratic Kampuchea, and established Pol Pot as the premier. Between the years 1975 and 1979, an estimated over three million people died at the hands of the Khmer Rouge.

In 1978, Pol Pot refused offers of negotiation and international supervision, and the Vietnamese army invaded and seized Phnom Penh in 1979. Cambodia's first-ever democratic elections were held in May 1993, supervised by a large UN peacekeeping mission.

Visa:
A passport with at least four month validity is required. A visa is required for most nationalities (Philippine and Malaysian nationals do not require tourist visas for a stay up to 21 and 30 days respectively). No special permits are required.


One-month visas are available on arrival at the international airports in Siem Reap and Phnom Penh, and at border crossings with Thailand and Vietnam. Visas are not available at the crossing with Laos. Tourist visa: US$20. Business visa: US$25. Diplomatic, Official, Courtesy, and Special (Cambodian) visas are issued free of charge. One 4x6 photo is required. Visa prices are often higher at Thai overland crossings.

Tourist visas can be extended for one month, but only one time. Business visas can be renewed indefinitely. Renew visas through a travel agent or the ‘Department for Foreigners’ on Confederation de Russie (‘Airport Road’), located opposite Phnom Penh International Airport. Tel: 012-581558. Fax: 023-890380. E-mail: visa_info@online.com.kh. Renew Diplomatic, Courtesy and Official visas at the consular section of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Visas at overland border crossings:
Border crossing with Laos: This is a semi-official crossing. Border policies are not stable. Neither Cambodian nor Laotian visas are available at the border.

Balloon over Angkor Wat
Border crossings with Vietnam: Cambodian visas are available at the border. Vietnamese visas are not available at the border.

Border crossings with Thailand: Cambodian visas and 30-day Thai transit visas are available at all Thai/Cambodian border crossings. Thai transit visas are free of charge. Other types of Thai visas are not available. At the Poipet and Koh Kong crossings, Cambodian immigration is charging 1,000 Baht for a tourist visa and 1,500 Baht for a business visa. Unlike the rest of the country, they usually refuse dollars.
 
At current exchange rates, the price in baht is significantly more expensive than the official prices of US$ 20 and US$ 25. Some people have had some success paying the official price in dollars by being politely insistent.


Border crossing scams:
Be prepared for minor scams from the Cambodian border guards, especially at Koh Kong and Poipet.

Scam #1: Drivers and touts will insist that you need their help to obtain a visa. This is not true. They want to charge an extra fee. The visa process is easy, straightforward and do-it-yourself.

Scam #2: The guards may charge 50 Baht for a SARS form. The form may in fact be required, but it is also supposed to be free.

Scam #3: Immigration police may try to overcharge 100 - 300 Baht for the visa, or charge 100 Baht for the normally free exit/entry stamp. Try asking for a receipt.

When dealing with officials, there is usually room for polite explanations and bargaining. One sometimes successful approach is to smile, say "no, thank you", smile some more, perhaps act like you don't understand and walk away. This technique may or may not work but it has a greater likelihood of success than simply refusing or, even worse, becoming argumentative.

Money:
US Dollars are as commonly used as the Cambodian Riel and even Thai Baht are acceptable in many places. Most hotels and many restaurants and shops set their prices in dollars. Small transactions are usually done in Riel. Always carry some small Riel for motorcycle taxis, snacks, beggars and other small purchases.

Riel notes come in 100, 200, 500, 1000, 5,000, 10,000, 50,000 and 100,000 denominations, but the distinctive red 500 Riel note is the most commonly used.

The exchange Rate to ONE US$ is appr. 4,000 Riel.

Credit cards and travelers checks are not very common but US dollar travelers checks are easier to cash. Money changers can be found at the markets. Always check the the bills. Us notes with even the tiniest tear will not be accepted. There are banks in all of the larger provincial capitals, including Phnom Penh, Siem Reap, Sihanoukville. Banks can change money, effect telegraphic transfers and some banks can cash travelers checks and accept Visa cards.

Time:

Cambodia Standard Time is seven hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time (+ 7 hours GMT). It is in the same time zone as Thailand, Vietnam and Laos.

 
Climate:
Cambodia has four seasons:
 

Winter season: November - February, cool/dry - coldest day: Not lower than 20° C

Hot season: March - May, hot/dry - hottest day: Not more than 35°

Rainy season: June - August, hot/wet

 
Angkor Wat viewed from the balloon

End of rainy season: September - October, cool/wet

 
Vaccinations:
Vaccinations are not required though some may be recommended. Check with your travel doctor.

Airport tax:

When entering into Cambodia by air, airport taxes payable upon each departure are applied. For international destinations, the price is US$ 20. For domestic destinations, the price is US$ 14.

Dress:
Casual dress is the norm because of the hot and humid weather. However, more formal attire is preferred for meetings, official functions and major ceremonies or events. If you are here for pleasure, wear sport shirts, tee shirt and trousers, skirts, slacks, blouses and comfortable shoes.

Do not wear shorts or sandals to government offices, or wear swim suits, biker suits, bikinis, or see-through apparel in the city streets or villages. This is considered offensive by local people. Both men and women should be particularly sure to dress appropriately if visiting a religious site, for example, a pagoda. Smart casual attire is recommended.

Visitors should dress neatly in all religious places. They should never go shirtless, in shorts, hot pants and other unsuitable attire. Shoes, sandals and a hat should be removed when entering a pagoda where Buddhist images are kept.

Nude bathing in public places is unacceptable in Cambodia.

Cambodian embassies abroad:
Cambodian embassies can be found in the following countries:

Australia Germany North Korea
5 Canterbury Cr, Deakin, ACT 2600, Canberra
Tel: (616) 273-1259
Fax: (616) 273-1053
embassyofcambodia.org.nz/au.htm
Gruner Weg 8, 53343 Waxhberg, Pech, Bonn
Tel: (49228) 328 572
Fax: (49228) 328 572
Rue de l'université, Commune, Mounsou Arrondissement, Daedongang, Pyongyang
Tel: (8502) 817283
Fax: (8502) 817625
Bulgaria Hungary Russia
5 Mladost , Block Salvador, Aliade Residents 2, Sofia
Tel: (3592) 757 135
Fax: (3592) 757 009
Rath Gyorgy u 48, 1122 XII, Budapest
Tel: (361) 155 5165
Fax: (361) 155 2376
Starokopuchenny Per, 16 Moscow
Tel: (7095) 956-6573
Fax: (7095) 956-6573
China India Thailand
#9 Dong Zhi Men Wai Dajie, 100600 Beijing
Tel: (8610) 532 2101
Fax: (8610) 532 3507
B47 Soami Nagar, 110017 New Delhi
Tel: (9111) 642-3782
Fax: (9111) 642-5363
#185, Rajdamri Rd., 10330 Bangkok
Tel: (662) 254-6630
Fax: (662) 253-9859
Cuba Indonesia USA - New York
#7001, 6ta AV. ESQ., 70 Miramar, Havana
Tel: (537) 336 151
Fax: (537) 336 400
4th Floor, Panin Bank Plaza,
JI 52 Palmerah Utara, 11480 Jakarta
Tel: (6221) 548-3716
Fax: (6221) 548-3684
4500 16th St. N.W.,, Washington DC 20011
Tel: (202) 726-7742
Fax: (202) 726-8381
Czech Republic Japan USA - D.C.
Na. Hubalce 1, 16900, Prague 6
Tel: (422) 352603
Fax: (422) 351078
8-6-9, Minato-ku 107, Tokyo
Tel: (813) 34780861 Fax: (813) 34780865
iac.co.jp/~kpnarin/index.htm
866 UN Plaza, Suite 420, 10017 New York
Tel: (212) 421-7626
Fax: (212) 421-7743
cambodia@embassy.org
France Laos Vietnam
France
4 Rue Adolphe Yvon, 75016, Paris
Tel: (33-1) 45034720
Fax: (33-1) 45034740
Bane Saphanthong Nou, A.B.P./ 34 Vientiane
Tel: (85621) 314 951
Fax: (85621) 314 951
1A Tran Hing Dao St., Hanoi
Tel: (844) 253 788
Fax: (844) 826 5225 41

Phung Khac Khoan St., Ho Chi Minh City
Tel: (848) 292 75
Fax: (848) 292 744

Foreign embassies in Phnom Penh:

Australia Indonesia Singapore
Villa 11, Street 254
Tel: 023-213470
#90, Norodom
Tel: 023-216148
#92, Norodom
Tel: 023-360855
Belgium Japan South Korea
#8, Street 352
Tel: 023-987629
#75, Norodom
Tel: 023-217161
#64, Street 214
Tel: 023-211901
Bulgaria Laos Sweden
#227, Norodom
Tel: 023-723182
#15-17, Mao Tse Toung
Tel: 023-983632
#8, Street 352
Tel: 023-212259
Canada Malaysia Switzerland
Villa 11, Street 254
Tel: 023-213470
#5, Street 242
Tel: 023-216176
#53D, Street 242
Tel: 023-219045
China Malta Thailand
#256, Mao Tse Toung
Tel: 023-720922
#10, Street 370
Tel: 023-368184
#196, Norodom
Tel: 023-363870
Cuba Myanmar United Kingdom
#98, Street 214
Tel: 023-368610
#181, Norodom
Tel: 023-213664
#27-29, Street 75
Tel: 023-427124
Denmark North Korea USA
#8, Street 352
Tel: 023-987629
#39, Suramarit
Tel: 023-217013
#27, Street 240
Tel: 023-216436 usembassy.state.gov/cambodia
France Philippines Vietnam
#1, Monivong
Tel: 023-430020
#33, Street 294
Tel: 023-215145
#426, Monivong
Tel: 023-362531
Germany Poland  
#76-78, Street 214
Tel: 023-216381
#767, Monivong
Tel: 023-217782
 
India Russia  
#777, Monivong
Tel: 023-210912
#213, Sothearos
Tel: 023-210931
 


© 2004 Myriam Grest Thein